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MySQL安装 ​

系统要求 ​

在安装MySQL之前，请确保您的系统满足最低要求：

硬件要求 ​

组件Minimum / 最低Recommended / 推荐
处理器1 GHz2 GHz or higher
内存512 MB2 GB or more
磁盘空间1 GB5 GB or more
网络Not requiredFor remote access

软件要求 ​

MySQL可在多个平台上使用：

  • Windows: Windows 10/11, Windows Server 2016+
  • macOS: macOS 10.15+
  • Linux: Most distributions (Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS, RHEL, etc.)
  • Unix: FreeBSD, Solaris

Windows安装 ​

方法1：MySQL安装程序（推荐） ​

下载MySQL安装程序

运行安装程序

  • Double-click the downloaded .msi file
  • If prompted by User Account Control, click "Yes"

选择安装类型

- Developer Default: Includes MySQL Server, MySQL Workbench
- Full: Includes all MySQL products
- Server Only: MySQL Server only
- Custom: Select specific components

检查要求

  • Installer will check for missing prerequisites
  • Install any required components

安装

  • Review components to install
  • Click "Execute" to begin installation
  • Wait for download and installation

配置

  • Configuration type: Standalone
  • Port: 3306 (default)
  • Authentication method: Strong password encryption
  • Set root password
  • Create user accounts (optional)

完成安装

  • Click "Finish" when complete

方法2：ZIP压缩包 ​

下载MySQL ZIP压缩包

解压文件

powershell
# Extract to desired location

初始化MySQL

cmd

启动MySQL服务

cmd

连接到MySQL

cmd

方法3：使用Docker ​

powershell
# Pull MySQL image

# Run MySQL container
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw `
  -p 3306:3306 `
  -d mysql:8.0

# Connect to MySQL

macOS安装 ​

方法1：Homebrew（推荐） ​

安装Homebrew（如果尚未安装）

bash

安装MySQL

bash

# Start MySQL service

# Or start manually

初始设置

bash
# Secure installation

# Or connect directly

添加到PATH

bash

方法2：DMG安装包 ​

下载DMG安装包

运行安装

  • Open the downloaded .dmg file
  • Double-click mysql-8.0.x.pkg
  • Follow installation wizard
  • Set temporary password (shown in installer)

启动MySQL

bash
# Using System Preferences
# Open MySQL preference pane
# Click "Start MySQL Server"

# Or using command line

更改root密码

bash
# Use temporary password from installation

方法3：使用Docker ​

bash
# Pull MySQL image

# Run MySQL container
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  -d mysql:8.0

# Connect to MySQL

Linux安装 ​

Ubuntu / Debian ​

步骤1：更新软件包索引 ​

bash

步骤2：安装MySQL ​

bash
# Install MySQL Server

# Install MySQL Client

# Install MySQL development files

步骤3：安全安装 ​

bash

安全安装脚本将引导您完成以下步骤：

步骤4：启动MySQL服务 ​

bash
# Start MySQL service

# Enable MySQL to start on boot

# Check service status

步骤5：连接到MySQL ​

bash

CentOS / RHEL / Rocky Linux ​

步骤1：添加MySQL仓库 ​

bash
# Download MySQL repository package

# Enable MySQL 8.0 repository

# Or for CentOS 7

步骤2：安装MySQL ​

bash
# Install MySQL community server

# Install MySQL client

步骤3：启动MySQL服务 ​

bash
# Start MySQL service

# Enable MySQL to start on boot

# Check temporary password

步骤4：安全安装 ​

bash
# Get temporary password

# Run secure installation

# Or run full secure installation

Fedora / Fedora ​

bash
# Install MySQL

# Start and enable service

# Secure installation

验证安装 ​

检查MySQL版本 ​

bash
# Command line

# In MySQL

测试连接 ​

bash
# Local connection

# Test basic commands

检查服务状态 ​

bash
# Linux (systemd)

# macOS

# Check if MySQL is running

安装后配置 ​

设置root密码 ​

sql
-- Method 1: ALTER USER

-- Method 2: SET PASSWORD

-- Method 3: Using mysqladmin

创建新用户 ​

sql
-- Create a user with full privileges

-- Create a user with specific privileges

配置远程访问 ​

sql
-- Allow remote connections

-- Exit MySQL and edit configuration
-- In my.cnf or my.ini

配置文件位置 ​

平台Location / 位置
WindowsC:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 8.0\my.ini
macOS/etc/my.cnf or /usr/local/etc/my.cnf
Linux (Ubuntu/Debian)/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf
Linux (CentOS/RHEL)/etc/my.cnf

Docker安装 ​

安装Docker ​

Windows / macOS ​

Linux ​

bash
# Ubuntu

# Add user to docker group

使用Docker运行MySQL ​

bash
# Pull MySQL image

# Run MySQL container
  -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=my-secret-pw \
  -p 3306:3306 \
  -v mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql \
  -d mysql:8.0

# View running containers

# Connect to MySQL

# Stop container

# Start container

# Remove container

Docker Compose / Docker Compose ​

yaml

      - "3306:3306"
      - mysql_data:/var/lib/mysql
bash

故障排除 ​

常见安装问题 ​

MySQL服务无法启动 ​

bash
# Check error logs

# Check port availability

# Try starting with different configuration

访问被拒绝错误 ​

bash
# Reset root password
# Stop MySQL service

# Start MySQL in safe mode

# Connect and reset password

端口已被使用 ​

bash
# Find process using port 3306

# Change MySQL port in my.cnf

检查MySQL日志 ​

bash
# Error log locations

# View logs

卸载 ​

Windows ​

macOS ​

bash
# Stop and remove service

# Remove files

Linux ​

bash
# Ubuntu/Debian

# CentOS/RHEL

小结 ​

MySQL安装因平台而异：

使用MySQL安装程序轻松设置 使用Homebrew或DMG安装包 使用软件包管理器 使用Docker获得一致的环境

安装后的关键步骤：

安全安装 - 运行mysql_secure_installation 设置root密码 - 创建强密码 创建用户 - 创建具有适当权限的用户 配置远程访问 - 如果需要 备份配置 - 保持配置文件安全

下一步 ​

administration.md)以了解如何管理和配置MySQL服务器。

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