#C++ 控制流
#概述
控制流语句决定语句执行的顺序。C++ 提供了各种用于决策和循环的控制结构。
#条件语句
#if-else 语句
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int age = 18;
if (age < 13) {
std::cout << "Child" << std::endl;
} else if (age < 18) {
std::cout << "Teenager" << std::endl;
} else if (age < 65) {
std::cout << "Adult" << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "Senior" << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}#switch 语句
#include <iostream>
int main() {
char grade = 'B';
switch (grade) {
case 'A':
std::cout << "Excellent!" << std::endl;
break;
case 'B':
std::cout << "Good!" << std::endl;
break;
case 'C':
std::cout << "Average" << std::endl;
break;
case 'D':
std::cout << "Below Average" << std::endl;
break;
case 'F':
std::cout << "Fail" << std::endl;
break;
default:
std::cout << "Invalid grade" << std::endl;
}
return 0;
}#循环语句
#for 循环
#include <iostream>
int main() {
// 基本 for 循环
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
std::cout << i << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
// 基于范围的 for 循环 (C++11)
int arr[] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};
for (int value : arr) {
std::cout << value << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}#while 循环
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int count = 1;
while (count <= 5) {
std::cout << "Count: " << count << std::endl;
count++;
}
return 0;
}#do-while 循环
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int number;
do {
std::cout << "Enter a positive number (0 to exit): ";
std::cin >> number;
if (number > 0) {
std::cout << "You entered: " << number << std::endl;
}
} while (number != 0);
return 0;
}#跳转语句
#break 和 continue
#include <iostream>
int main() {
// break 示例
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
if (i == 6) {
break; // 退出循环
}
std::cout << i << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
// continue 示例
for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0) {
continue; // 跳过偶数
}
std::cout << i << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
return 0;
}#goto 语句(谨慎使用)
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int count = 1;
start:
std::cout << "Count: " << count << std::endl;
count++;
if (count <= 5) {
goto start;
}
return 0;
}