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      • Git Installation and Configuration

      This chapter will guide you through installing Git on different operating systems and performing basic configurations to get ready for learning.

      Git Installation

      Windows Installation

      1. Download Installer

      2. Installation Steps

        1. Double-click the downloaded .exe file
2. Select installation path (default recommended)
3. Select components (default recommended)
4. Select Start Menu folder
5. Choose default editor (VS Code or Notepad++ recommended)
6. Adjust PATH environment (Select "Git from the command line and also from 3rd-party software")
7. Choose HTTPS transport backend (Use default OpenSSL)
8. Configure line ending conversions (Select "Checkout Windows-style, commit Unix-style line endings")
9. Configure terminal emulator (Select "Use MinTTY")
10. Configure extra options (Keep defaults)
11. Finish installation

      3. Verify Installation

        # Open Command Prompt or PowerShell
git --version

      Method 2: Package Managers

      # Using Chocolatey
choco install git

# Using Scoop
scoop install git

# Using Winget
winget install Git.Git

      macOS Installation

      # Install Homebrew (if not installed)
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

# Install Git
brew install git

# Verify installation
git --version

      Method 2: Official Installer

      1. Visit Git Official Website
      2. Download the .dmg file
      3. Double-click the package and follow instructions

      Method 3: Xcode Command Line Tools

      # Install Xcode Command Line Tools (includes Git)
xcode-select --install

      Linux Installation

      Ubuntu/Debian

      # Update package list
sudo apt update

# Install Git
sudo apt install git

# Verify installation
git --version

      CentOS/RHEL/Fedora

      # CentOS/RHEL 7
sudo yum install git

# CentOS/RHEL 8+ or Fedora
sudo dnf install git

# Verify installation
git --version

      Arch Linux

      # Install Git
sudo pacman -S git

# Verify installation
git --version

      Compiling from Source (All Linux Distributions)

      # Install dependencies
sudo apt install make libssl-dev libghc-zlib-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libreadline-dev autoconf build-essential gettext libtool

# Download source
wget https://github.com/git/git/archive/v2.40.0.tar.gz
tar -xzf v2.40.0.tar.gz
cd git-2.40.0

# Compile and install
make configure
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make all
sudo make install

# Verify installation
git --version

      Basic Configuration

      After installation, some basic configurations are needed to use Git normally.

      Configure User Information

      This is mandatory before using Git, as every commit uses this information:

      # Configure username
git config --global user.name "Your Name"

# Configure email
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"

# Check configuration
git config --global user.name
git config --global user.email

      Notes:

      • Username can be in English or other languages.
      • Email should be a real email, especially if you want to match it with GitHub, etc.
      • --global means this configuration applies to all repositories on your system.

      Configure Default Editor

      Git needs to open an editor for certain operations. You can configure your favorite one:

      # Configure VS Code as default editor
git config --global core.editor "code --wait"

# Configure Vim as default editor
git config --global core.editor vim

# Configure Nano as default editor
git config --global core.editor nano

# Configure Notepad++ (Windows)
git config --global core.editor "'C:/Program Files/Notepad++/notepad++.exe' -multiInst -notabbar -nosession -noPlugin"

      Configure Line Ending Handling

      Different operating systems use different characters for line endings. Git can handle this automatically:

      # Recommended for Windows
git config --global core.autocrlf true

# Recommended for macOS/Linux
git config --global core.autocrlf input

# If the team uses the same system, you can turn off auto conversion
git config --global core.autocrlf false

      Configure Default Branch Name

      Since Git 2.28, you can configure the default branch name:

      # Set default branch name to main
git config --global init.defaultBranch main